First timer? In this formerly once-a-day blog (and now pretty much a once-a-week blog), I use an app that provides a random latitude and longitude that puts me somewhere in the continental United States (the lower 48). I call this “landing.”
I keep track of the watersheds I land in, as well as the town or towns I land near. I do some internet research to hopefully find something of interest about my landing location.
To find out more about A Landing A Day (like who “Dan” is) please see “About Landing” above. To check out some relatively recent changes in how I do things, check out “About Landing (Revisited).”
Landing number 2471; A Landing A Day blog post number 908.
Dan: Today’s lat/long (N29o 40.720’, W103o 37.173’) puts me in the Big Bend area of Texas:
My local landing map shows that I landed way out in the boonies, Miles from Nowhere (credit to Cat Stevens).
I have a very-straightforward streams-only map:
I landed in the Terlingua Creek watershed (1st hit ever!); on to the Rio Grande (53rd hit).
Note to those few readers who really pay close attention: I used my standard parenthetical phrase (“1st hit ever!”) that has always been reserved for rivers; not used for creeks. Well, I am in charge of this blog and I make the rules and I break the rules as I please. Terlingua Creek is 83 miles long; I’ve had countless “rivers” that are shorter than that. Ergo – I’m treating Terlingua Creek as if it were a river. Please address any complaints in the comment section. . .
Even though I’m Miles from Nowhere, I can still manage to have the Orange Dude get a decent look at my landing, courtesy of Google Earth (GE):
And here’s what he sees:
I told the OD to head south, and see if he can find the spot where his road crosses Terlingua Creek. He complied:
And here’s what he sees:
Pretty obvious that water almost never flows into those drainage structures, eh?
While I had the OD’s ear, I asked him politely to head back north to the end of the dirt road that runs west to east just south of my landing:
And here’s what he sees:
Cowboy Mining Company, eh? And let’s take a look at the disturbed area very close to my landing, evidently associated with the Cowboy Mining Company:
Of course, I Googled the company. And what the heck. I’ll jump right to a very quick video (less than one minute long):
So Cowboy Mining Company mines sodium bentonite. What’s that? From Cowboy:
Sodium bentonite is a naturally occurring clay that acts uniquely when it comes in contact with water. When bentonite becomes wet, it absorbs the water and expands many times its dry size to form a watertight membrane or barrier.
Got that? When bentonite gets wet, it expands and becomes entirely impervious to water. Back to the website, with a little geology:
Bentonite’s parent material, volcanic ash, is the direct by-product of plate tectonics.
During the Crustaceous Period (from 145 to 65 million years ago), the North American Plate drifted westward forcing the eastern edge of the Pacific plate which was diving deep into the earth’s mantle.
Soon a chain of volcanoes stretching from Mexico to southern Canada were spraying large quantities of ash and lava. During these near-continuous eruptions, ash billowed up into high altitude winds. The prevailing winds carried the ash eastward. As the ash began to fall back to earth, it accumulated into deposits that can be seen today.
As the ash drifted east, it landed into the “Western Interior Seaway,” which existed at that time:
As the ash fall subsided, the only activity was the slow accumulation of sediment eroding from nearby landforms. Over the subsequent millions of years, minerals from within the ash and elements in the sea water combined to form the intricate chemical lattice that makes bentonite so unique. Sediment accumulated into massive layers above this mineral-rich soup. The weight slowly compacted the bentonite beds into distinct layers within the Cretaceous formations.
OK. But what happens next is critical:
Sixty million years ago a period of intense mountain building caused folding and raising of the North American plate. This action elevated the formations and drained the sea.
Class: Pay attention! What used to be a seabed got lifted way the heck up above sea level!
The rising land mass began drying up as water trapped within the formations migrated downward. This action further refined the ash by carrying dissolved silica out of the bed, down into the underlying mud.
In the millions of years since, thousands of feet of sediment have eroded from these mountains re-exposing the bentonite layers.
So. It turns out that I have been professionally aware of bentonite my whole career. I work in the field of subsurface environmental investigations and cleanups. One of the things that we do is install groundwater wells for the sole purpose of collecting samples of the groundwater to see if it’s contaminated.
Without “boring” you with details (one of our standard drilling jokes), we use bentonite to seal around the well; and after the well has outlived its usefulness, we abandon the wells using bentonite.
My wife and I (my wife, really) is part owner of a drilling company that uses bentonite. So I went out in our shop where we store supplies, and here’s what I found:
Hmmm. PDS Bentonite Plug – Natural Sodium Bentonite. Of course, I was curious if I could figure out if this bentonite comes from the Cowboy Mine right next to my landing.
Well, the Cowboy Mining website says that they’re a subsidiary of PDS Inc. (getting warmer), so I went to the PDS website. Here’s their home page (highlighted by yours truly):
I figured they might have numerous bentonite mines in West Texas, but they weren’t clear about that (and they didn’t mention Cowboy Mining). With some further perusal of the website, I found this photo:
Note the mesa (or ridge) in the background.
I sent the OD back out to the road adjacent to my landing, and had him look East. Here’s what he saw:
Ding! Ding! Ding! Same mesa! No doubt about it. The bentonite we buy comes from the mine located directly adjacent to landing 2471!
Moving right along . . .
Since Terlingua is titular, I knew I needed to say something about it. I found a piece in TexasHighways.com. Here are a few excerpts:
From about 1900 to 1950, the Big Bend region was one of America’s top producers of mercury, also known as quicksilver, an element extracted from cinnabar ore. About a dozen mines operated in the Terlingua Quicksilver District. Mining companies dug shafts hundreds of feet deep and lugged out cinnabar by hand, cart, and burro. Furnaces heated the scarlet-red rock to release mercury vapor, which was condensed into liquid metal and bottled in cast-iron flasks. Railroads shipped the flasks around the globe as World Wars I and II drove demand for quicksilver to make ammunition and explosives, as well as thermometers.
Mining heritage is nowhere more tangible than in Terlingua. Terlingua Ghost Town, as it’s now known, inhabits the skeleton of the 1903 Chisos Mining Company. Chicago industrialist Howard Perry opened the mine after discovering that land he received as payment for a debt happened to sit atop rich cinnabar deposits. (According to one legend, the ore was so prevalent that a cowboy observed drops of quicksilver form on the ground from the heat of a branding fire.)
The Chisos Mine turned out to be the biggest mercury producer in the region, and at times, in the nation. In the town’s heyday of the 1910s and ’20s, as many as 2,000 people lived in Terlingua, which had a post office, company store, hotel, school, and dance pavilion. Most of the residents were Mexicans who had moved north to escape the violence of the Mexican Revolution and oppressive working conditions in Mexican mines. Finding work in Terlingua, they built simple homes of stacked limestone rocks and adobe mortar.
Here are a couple back-in-the-day shots of Teringua:
Continuing the geological bent of this post, here’s a little about the mercury-containing mineral, Cinnabar, from Geology.com:
Cinnabar is a toxic mercury sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of HgS. It is the only important ore of mercury. It has a bright red color that has caused people to use it as a pigment, and carve it into jewelry and ornaments for thousands of years in many parts of the world. Because it is toxic, its pigment and jewelry uses have almost been discontinued.
Here’s a picture from the same website (caption below):
Chinese red (cinnabar) lacquer box: A carved wooden box with a red lacquer finish from China’s Ming Dynasty Period (box c. 1522-1566). Boxes like this were frequently painted with a lacquer containing a cinnabar pigment.
As an environmental geologist, I’m a little concerned about toxic mercury contamination in and around Terlingua. An article entitled “Mercury concentrations and distribution in soil, water, mine waste leachates, and air in and around mercury mines in the Big Bend region, Texas, USA” caught my interest, so I checked it out (well, I checked out the abstract).
Amazingly, it looks like it’s not as bad as one might think . . .
I’ll close with a couple of shots posted on GE. First this, a look at the road that runs north-south just east of my landing (the one the OD visited), by Dave Liale:
And this, a shot of a funky old bus, permanently parked in Terlingua by Harlan Kraft:
I’ll close with this, a shot from near the road just east of my landing (looking south, by John Roberts):
That’ll do it . . .
KS
Greg
© 2019 A Landing A Day